Ferro Manganese, a Ferro Alloy with high content of Manganese, is made by heating a mixture of MnO2 & Fe2O3 with Carbon, usually as Coal & Coke. Ferro Manganese is used as a de-oxidizer for Steel.

Henry Bessemer invented the use of Ferro Manganese as a method of introducing Manganese in controlled proportions during the production of Steel. The advantage of combining powdered Iron Oxide & Manganese Oxide together is the lower melting point of the combined Alloy compared to pure Manganese Oxide.

Ferro Silicon is an Alloy of Iron & Silicon. It is produced by reducing Silica or Sand with Coke in the presence of Iron.

Ferro Silicon is used to reduce metals from their Oxides & to de-oxidize Steel & other Ferrous Alloys. Ferro Silicon is also used to manufacture silicon, corrosion-resistant & high-temperature resistant Ferrous Silicon Alloys & Silicon Steel for electro-motors and transformer cores. In the manufacture of cast iron, Ferro Silicon is used for inoculation of the Iron to accelerate graphitization. In arc welding, Ferro Silicon can be found in some electrode coatings. Ferro Silicon is a basis for the manufacturing of pre-alloys like Magnesium Ferro Silicon (MgFeSi), used for the production of Ductile Iron. Ferro Silicon is also important as an additive to cast irons for controlling the initial content of Silicon. Magnesium Ferro Silicon is instrumental in the formation of nodules, which give ductile Iron its flexible property. Unlike grey cast iron, which forms Graphite flakes, ductile Iron contains Graphite nodules or pores, which make cracking more difficult.